Substitution and simplifying algebraic expressions, Properties of exponents, Algebraic word problems, Solutions of linear equations and inequalities, remainder and factor theorem, Systems of equations and inequalities, Quadratic equations, Rational and radical equations, Equations of lines, Absolute value, Direct and inverse variation, Concepts of algebraic functions, Newly defined symbols based on commonly used operations, representation and modeling, properties of functions (linear, polynomial, exponential,rational, inverse trigonometric, periodic, piecewise, recursive, parametric,logarithmic, trigonometric).